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VGA timing Information (VGA 타이밍 정보)

Neo Park 2012. 11. 5. 16:36

 

선행참조 >>

http://tinyvga.com/vga-timing

http://web.mit.edu/6.111/www/f2012/handouts/labs/lab3.html

http://www-mtl.mit.edu/Courses/6.111/labkit//vga.shtml

 

640x480 (VGA), requires 25MHz (40ns) pixel clock for 60Hz refresh
800x600 (SVGA), requires 40MHz (25ns) pixel clock for 60Hz refresh
1024x768 (XVGA), requires 65MHz (15ns) pixel clock for 60Hz refresh

 

VGA Timing Informations

The following table lists timing values for several popular resolutions.

Format Pixel Clock
(MHz)		 Horizontal (in Pixels) Vertical (in Lines)
Active
Video		 Front
Porch		 Sync
Pulse		 Back
Porch		 Active
Video		 Front
Porch		 Sync
Pulse		 Back
Porch
640x480, 60Hz 25.175 640 16 96 48 480 11 2 31
640x480, 72Hz 31.500 640 24 40 128 480 9 3 28
640x480, 75Hz 31.500 640 16 96 48 480 11 2 32
640x480, 85Hz 36.000 640 32 48 112 480 1 3 25
800x600, 56Hz 38.100 800 32 128 128 600 1 4 14
800x600, 60Hz 40.000 800 40 128 88 600 1 4 23
800x600, 72Hz 50.000 800 56 120 64 600 37 6 23
800x600, 75Hz 49.500 800 16 80 160 600 1 2 21
800x600, 85Hz 56.250 800 32 64 152 600 1 3 27
1024x768, 60Hz 65.000 1024 24 136 160 768 3 6 29
1024x768, 70Hz 75.000 1024 24 136 144 768 3 6 29
1024x768, 75Hz 78.750 1024 16 96 176 768 1 3 28
1024x768, 85Hz 94.500 1024 48 96 208 768 1 3 36
Source: Rick Ballantyne, Xilinx Inc. TABLE 1 VGA CORE VIDEO MODE

 

Mode

Type

Res.

Colors

Vert.

Horz.

Pix Clk

SM and SXGA MODES

0, 1

A/N

320 x 200

16

70 Hz

31.778 KHz

25.175 MHz

2, 3

A/N

640 x 200

16

70 Hz

31.778 KHz

25.175 MHz

0*, 1*

A/N

320 x 350

16

70 Hz

31.778 KHz

25.175 MHz

2*, 3*

A/N

640 x 350

16

70 Hz

31.778 KHz

25.175 MHz

0+, 1+

A/N

320 x 350

16

70 Hz

31.778 KHz

28.322 MHz

2+, 3+

A/N

640 x 350

16

70 Hz

31.778 KHz

28.322 MHz

4, 5

APA

320 x 200

4

70 Hz

31.778 KHz

25.175 MHz

6

APA

640 x 200

2

70 Hz

31.778 KHz

25.175 MHz

7

A/N

720 x 350

Mono

70 Hz

31.778 KHz

28.322 MHz

7+

A/N

720 x 400

Mono

70 Hz

31.778 KHz

28.322 MHz

D

APA

320 x 200

16

70 Hz

31.778 KHz

25.175 MHz

E

APA

640 x 200

16

70 Hz

31.778 KHz

25.175 MHz

F

APA

640 x 350

Mono

70 Hz

31.778 KHz

25.175 MHz

10

APA

640 x 350

16

70 Hz

31.778 KHz

25.175 MHz

11

APA

640 x 480

2

60Hz

31.778 KHz

25.175 MHz

12

APA

640 x 480

16

60Hz

31.778 KHz

25.175 MHz

13

APA

320 x 200

256

70 Hz

31.778 KHz

25.175 MHz

SXGA MODES

101

APA

640x480

256

85 Hz

43.3 KHz

36.00 MHz

102

APA

800 x 600

16

85 Hz

53.7 KHz

56.25 MHz

103

APA

800 x 600

256

85 Hz

53.7 KHz

56.25 MHz

104

APA

1024 x 768

16

85 Hz

68.7 KHz

94.5 MHz

105

APA

1024 x 768

256

85 Hz

68.7 KHz

94.5 MHz

106

APA

1280 x 1024

16

85 Hz

91.1 KHz

157.5 MHz

107

APA

1280 x 1024

256

85 Hz

91.1 KHz

157.5 MHz

114

APA

800 x 600

64K

85 Hz

53.7 KHz

56.25 MHz

115

APA

800 x 600

16.8 M

85 Hz

53.7 KHz

56.25 MHz

117

APA

1024 x 768

64K

85 Hz

68.7 KHz

94.5 MHz

118

APA

1024 x 768

16.8 M

85 Hz

68.7 KHz

94.5 MHz

11A

APA

1280 x 1024

64K

85 Hz

91.1 KHz

157.5 MHz

11B

APA

1280 x 1024

16.8 M

85 Hz

91.1 KHz

157.5 MHz

Note: SM Modes 0-13 only

 

As with RS-232, the standard for VGA video is that there are lots of standards. Every manufacturer seems to list different timings in the manuals for their monitors. The values given in the table above are not particularly critical. on a CRT monitor, the lengths of the front and back porches control the position of the image on the display. If the image appears offset to the right or left, or up or down, try adjusting the front and back porch values for the corresponding direction (or use the image position adjustments on the monitor, which accomplish the same thing).

 

 
Mode name
Pixel syn c back a ctive front whole line Lines line sync sync back  active active front front whole frame whole frame
clock pul se porch time porch period Total width pulse pulse porch time time porch porch period period
(MHz) (us) (pix) (pix) (pix) (pix) (pix)
(us) (us) (lin) (us)(lin) (us) (lin) (us) (lin) (us) (lin)


















VGA 640x480 60Hz 25.175 3.81 96 45 646 13 800 525 31.78 63 2 953 30 15382 484 285 9 16683 525
VGA 640x480 72Hz 31.5 1.27 40 125 646 21 832 520 26.41 79 3 686 26 12782 484 184 7 13735 520
VGA 720x400 70Hz 28.322 3.81 108 51 726 15 900 449 31.78 63 2 1016 32 12839 404 349 11 14268 449
VGA 720x350 70Hz 28.322 3.81 108 51 726 15 900 449 31.78 63 2 1811 57 11250 354 1144 36 14268 449
VGA 800x600 56Hz 36.000 2 72 125 806 21 1024 625 28.44 56 1 568 20 17177 604
-1* 17775 625
VGA 800x600 60Hz 40 3.2 128 85 806 37 1056 628 26.40 106 4 554 21 15945 604
-1* 16579 628
VGA 800x600 72Hz 50.000 2.4 120 61 806 53 1040 666 20.80 125 6 436 21 12563 604 728 35 13853 666
IBM 640x480 75Hz 31.05 3.05 96 45 646 13 800 525 25.397 51 2 761 30 12292 484 228 9 13333 525
MAC 640x480 66Hz 30.240 2.11 64 93 646 61 864 525 28.57 86 3 1057 37 13827 484 28 1 14999 525

  • Active area is actually an active area added with 6 overscan border pixels (in some other VGA timing tables those border pixels are included in back and front porch)

640x480@60 25.2 640 656 752 800 480 490 492 525 -vsync -hsync
800x600@56 36.0 800 824 896 1024 600 601 603 625 +hsync +vsync
800x600@60 40.0 800 840 968 1056 600 601 605 628 +hsync +vsync
1024x768@60 65.0 1024 1048 1184 1344 768 771 777 806 -vsync -hsync
1280x960@60 102.1 1280 1360 1496 1712 960 961 964 994 -hsync +vsync
1280x1024@60 108.0 1280 1328 1440 1688 1024 1025 1028 1066 +hsync +vsync
1400x1050@60 122.61 1400 1488 1640 1880 1050 1051 1054 1087 -hsync +vsync
1600x1200@60 162.0 1600 1664 1856 2160 1200 1201 1204 1250 +hsync +vsync
640x350 @ 85Hz (VESA) hsync: 37.9kHz 640x350 31.5 640 672 736 832 350 382 385 445 +hsync -vsync
640x400 @ 85Hz (VESA) hsync: 37.9kHz 640x400 31.5 640 672 736 832 400 401 404 445 -hsync +vsync
720x400 @ 85Hz (VESA) hsync: 37.9kHz 720x400 35.5 720 756 828 936 400 401 404 446 -hsync +vsync
640x480 @ 60Hz (Industry standard) hsync: 31.5kHz 640x480 25.2 640 656 752 800 480 490 492 525 -hsync -vsync
640x480 @ 72Hz (VESA) hsync: 37.9kHz 640x480 31.5 640 664 704 832 480 489 491 520 -hsync -vsync
640x480 @ 75Hz (VESA) hsync: 37.5kHz 640x480 31.5 640 656 720 840 480 481 484 500 -hsync -vsync
640x480 @ 85Hz (VESA) hsync: 43.3kHz 640x480 36.0 640 696 752 832 480 481 484 509 -hsync -vsync
800x600 @ 56Hz (VESA) hsync: 35.2kHz 800x600 36.0 800 824 896 1024 600 601 603 625 +hsync +vsync
800x600 @ 60Hz (VESA) hsync: 37.9kHz 800x600 40.0 800 840 968 1056 600 601 605 628 +hsync +vsync
800x600 @ 72Hz (VESA) hsync: 48.1kHz 800x600 50.0 800 856 976 1040 600 637 643 666 +hsync +vsync
800x600 @ 75Hz (VESA) hsync: 46.9kHz 800x600 49.5 800 816 896 1056 600 601 604 625 +hsync +vsync
800x600 @ 85Hz (VESA) hsync: 53.7kHz 800x600 56.3 800 832 896 1048 600 601 604 631 +hsync +vsync
1024x768i @ 43Hz (industry standard) hsync: 35.5kHz 1024x768 44.9 1024 1032 1208 1264 768 768 776 817 +hsync +vsync Interlace
1024x768 @ 60Hz (VESA) hsync: 48.4kHz 1024x768 65.0 1024 1048 1184 1344 768 771 777 806 -hsync -vsync
1024x768 @ 70Hz (VESA) hsync: 56.5kHz 1024x768 75.0 1024 1048 1184 1328 768 771 777 806 -hsync -vsync
1024x768 @ 75Hz (VESA) hsync: 60.0kHz 1024x768 78.8 1024 1040 1136 1312 768 769 772 800 +hsync +vsync
1024x768 @ 85Hz (VESA) hsync: 68.7kHz 1024x768 94.5 1024 1072 1168 1376 768 769 772 808 +hsync +vsync
1152x864 @ 75Hz (VESA) hsync: 67.5kHz 1152x864 108.0 1152 1216 1344 1600 864 865 868 900 +hsync +vsync
1280x960 @ 60Hz (VESA) hsync: 60.0kHz 1280x960 108.0 1280 1376 1488 1800 960 961 964 1000 +hsync +vsync
1280x960 @ 85Hz (VESA) hsync: 85.9kHz 1280x960 148.5 1280 1344 1504 1728 960 961 964 1011 +hsync +vsync
1280x1024 @ 60Hz (VESA) hsync: 64.0kHz 1280x1024 108.0 1280 1328 1440 1688 1024 1025 1028 1066 +hsync +vsync
1280x1024 @ 75Hz (VESA) hsync: 80.0kHz 1280x1024 135.0 1280 1296 1440 1688 1024 1025 1028 1066 +hsync +vsync
1280x1024 @ 85Hz (VESA) hsync: 91.1kHz 1280x1024 157.5 1280 1344 1504 1728 1024 1025 1028 1072 +hsync +vsync
1600x1200 @ 60Hz (VESA) hsync: 75.0kHz 1600x1200 162.0 1600 1664 1856 2160 1200 1201 1204 1250 +hsync +vsync
1600x1200 @ 65Hz (VESA) hsync: 81.3kHz 1600x1200 175.5 1600 1664 1856 2160 1200 1201 1204 1250 +hsync +vsync
1600x1200 @ 70Hz (VESA) hsync: 87.5kHz 1600x1200 189.0 1600 1664 1856 2160 1200 1201 1204 1250 +hsync +vsync
1600x1200 @ 75Hz (VESA) hsync: 93.8kHz 1600x1200 202.5 1600 1664 1856 2160 1200 1201 1204 1250 +hsync +vsync
1600x1200 @ 85Hz (VESA) hsync: 106.3kHz 1600x1200 229.5 1600 1664 1856 2160 1200 1201 1204 1250 +hsync +vsync
1792x1344 @ 60Hz (VESA) hsync: 83.6kHz 1792x1344 204.8 1792 1920 2120 2448 1344 1345 1348 1394 -hsync +vsync
1792x1344 @ 75Hz (VESA) hsync: 106.3kHz 1792x1344 261.0 1792 1888 2104 2456 1344 1345 1348 1417 -hsync +vsync
1856x1392 @ 60Hz (VESA) hsync: 86.3kHz 1856x1392 218.3 1856 1952 2176 2528 1392 1393 1396 1439 -hsync +vsync
1856x1392 @ 75Hz (VESA) hsync: 112.5kHz 1856x1392 288.0 1856 1984 2208 2560 1392 1393 1396 1500 -hsync +vsync
1920x1440 @ 60Hz (VESA) hsync: 90.0kHz 1920x1440 234.0 1920 2048 2256 2600 1440 1441 1444 1500 -hsync +vsync
1920x1440 @ 75Hz (VESA) hsync: 112.5kHz 1920x1440 297.0 1920 2064 2288 2640 1440 1441 1444 1500 -hsync +vsync
1800x1440 230 1800 1896 2088 2392 1440 1441 1444 1490 +HSync +VSync
1800x1440 250 1800 1896 2088 2392 1440 1441 1444 1490 +HSync +VSync
640x480 @ 100.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 50.90 kHz; pclk: 43.16 MHz 640x480 43.16 640 680 744 848 480 481 484 509 -HSync +Vsync
768x576 @ 60.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 35.82 kHz; pclk: 34.96 MHz 768x576 34.96 768 792 872 976 576 577 580 597 -HSync +Vsync
768x576 @ 72.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 43.27 kHz; pclk: 42.93 MHz 768x576 42.93 768 800 880 992 576 577 580 601 -HSync +Vsync
768x576 @ 75.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 45.15 kHz; pclk: 45.51 MHz 768x576 45.51 768 808 888 1008 576 577 580 602 -HSync +Vsync
768x576 @ 85.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 51.42 kHz; pclk: 51.84 MHz 768x576 51.84 768 808 888 1008 576 577 580 605 -HSync +Vsync
768x576 @ 100.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 61.10 kHz; pclk: 62.57 MHz 768x576 62.57 768 816 896 1024 576 577 580 611 -HSync +Vsync
800x600 @ 100.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 63.60 kHz; pclk: 68.18 MHz 800x600 68.18 800 848 936 1072 600 601 604 636 -HSync +Vsync
1024x768 @ 100.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 81.40 kHz; pclk: 113.31 MHz 1024x768 113.31 1024 1096 1208 1392 768 769 772 814 -HSync +Vsync
1152x864 @ 60.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 53.70 kHz; pclk: 81.62 MHz 1152x864 81.62 1152 1216 1336 1520 864 865 868 895 -HSync +Vsync
1152x864 @ 85.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 77.10 kHz; pclk: 119.65 MHz 1152x864 119.65 1152 1224 1352 1552 864 865 868 907 -HSync +Vsync
1152x864 @ 100.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 91.50 kHz; pclk: 143.47 MHz 1152x864 143.47 1152 1232 1360 1568 864 865 868 915 -HSync +Vsync
1280x800 @ 60.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 49.68 kHz; pclk: 83.46 MHz 1280x800 83.46 1280 1344 1480 1680 800 801 804 828 -HSync +Vsync
1280x960 @ 72.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 72.07 kHz; pclk: 124.54 MHz 1280x960 124.54 1280 1368 1504 1728 960 961 964 1001 -HSync +Vsync
1280x960 @ 75.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 75.15 kHz; pclk: 129.86 MHz 1280x960 129.86 1280 1368 1504 1728 960 961 964 1002 -HSync +Vsync
1280x960 @ 100.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 101.70 kHz; pclk: 178.99 MHz 1280x960 178.99 1280 1376 1520 1760 960 961 964 1017 -HSync +Vsync
1280x1024 @ 100.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 108.50 kHz; pclk: 190.96 MHz 1280x1024 190.96 1280 1376 1520 1760 1024 1025 1028 1085 -HSync +Vsync
1368x768 @ 60.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 47.70 kHz; pclk: 85.86 MHz 1368x768 85.86 1368 1440 1584 1800 768 769 772 795 -HSync +Vsync
1400x1050 @ 60.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 65.22 kHz; pclk: 122.61 MHz 1400x1050 122.61 1400 1488 1640 1880 1050 1051 1054 1087 -HSync +Vsync
1400x1050 @ 72.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 78.77 kHz; pclk: 149.34 MHz 1400x1050 149.34 1400 1496 1648 1896 1050 1051 1054 1094 -HSync +Vsync
1400x1050 @ 75.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 82.20 kHz; pclk: 155.85 MHz 1400x1050 155.85 1400 1496 1648 1896 1050 1051 1054 1096 -HSync +Vsync
1400x1050 @ 85.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 93.76 kHz; pclk: 179.26 MHz 1400x1050 179.26 1400 1504 1656 1912 1050 1051 1054 1103 -HSync +Vsync
1400x1050 @ 100.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 111.20 kHz; pclk: 214.39 MHz 1400x1050 214.39 1400 1512 1664 1928 1050 1051 1054 1112 -HSync +Vsync
1440x900 @ 60.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 55.92 kHz; pclk: 106.47 MHz 1440x900 106.47 1440 1520 1672 1904 900 901 904 932 -HSync +Vsync
1600x1200 @ 100.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 127.10 kHz; pclk: 280.64 MHz 1600x1200 280.64 1600 1728 1904 2208 1200 1201 1204 1271 -HSync +Vsync
1680x1050 @ 60.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 65.22 kHz; pclk: 147.14 MHz 1680x1050 147.14 1680 1784 1968 2256 1050 1051 1054 1087 -HSync +Vsync
1920x1200 @ 60.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 74.52 kHz; pclk: 193.16 MHz 1920x1200 193.16 1920 2048 2256 2592 1200 1201 1204 1242 -HSync +Vsync

VGA timing information

This documents tries to collect together information about standard VGA card timing details.

 

Information form HP monitor manual

 

Horizonal Timing

Horizonal Dots         640     640     640        
Vertical Scan Lines    350     400     480
Horiz. Sync Polarity   POS     NEG     NEG
A (us)                 31.77   31.77   31.77     Scanline time
B (us)                 3.77    3.77    3.77      Sync pulse lenght 
C (us)                 1.89    1.89    1.89      Back porch
D (us)                 25.17   25.17   25.17     Active video time
E (us)                 0.94    0.94    0.94      Front porch

         ______________________          ________
________|        VIDEO         |________| VIDEO (next line)
    |-C-|----------D-----------|-E-|
__   ______________________________   ___________
  |_|                              |_|
  |B|
  |---------------A----------------|

Vertical Timing

Horizonal Dots         640     640     640
Vertical Scan Lines    350     400     480
Vert. Sync Polarity    NEG     POS     NEG      
Vertical Frequency     70Hz    70Hz    60Hz
O (ms)                 14.27   14.27   16.68     Total frame time
P (ms)                 0.06    0.06    0.06      Sync length
Q (ms)                 1.88    1.08    1.02      Back porch
R (ms)                 11.13   12.72   15.25     Active video time
S (ms)                 1.2     0.41    0.35      Front porch

         ______________________          ________
________|        VIDEO         |________|  VIDEO (next frame)
    |-Q-|----------R-----------|-S-|
__   ______________________________   ___________
  |_|                              |_|
  |P|
  |---------------O----------------|

Informations source

  • HP D1194A Super VGA Display & HP D1195A Erognomic Super VGA Display Installation Guide, Hewlett Packard

More VGA mode information

There are the 3 "standard" VGA modes that each VGA card is supposed to be able to do:

  • 640 x 350 x 70 is compatible with the old EGA mode, but on a VGA display.
  • 640 x 400 x 70 is the MS-DOS text mode (when the computer is booting !).
  • 640 x 480 x 60 is the default Windows(tm) graphics mode (16 colours !).

Their line frequency is exactly twice that of the NTSC television system, or almost twice that of the PAL television system. This makes it fairly easy to implement a VGA input on a television set that uses line doubling for the television signals so the line deflection already runs on 31 kHz.

The following timings come from a list of 82 different computer timings, and by now there will be even more. Some video cards even have variable timing (allowing the user to set width, height and shift...). The only standard is that there is no standard !

 

"640 x 350 (EGA on VGA)"    "640 x 400 VGA text"        "VGA industry standard"
Clock frequency 25.175 MHz  Clock frequency 25.175 MHz  Clock frequency 25.175 MHz
Line  frequency 31469 Hz    Line  frequency 31469 Hz    Line  frequency 31469 Hz
Field frequency 70.086 Hz   Field frequency 70.086 Hz   Field frequency 59.94 Hz

one line:                   one line:                   one line:
  8 pixels front porch        8 pixels front porch        8 pixels front porch
 96 pixels horizontal sync   96 pixels horizontal sync   96 pixels horizontal sync
 40 pixels back porch        40 pixels back porch        40 pixels back porch
  8 pixels left border        8 pixels left border        8 pixels left border
640 pixels video            640 pixels video            640 pixels video
  8 pixels right border       8 pixels right border       8 pixels right border
---                         ---                         ---
800 pixels total per line   800 pixels total per line   800 pixels total per line                             

One field:                  one field:                  one field:
 31 lines front porch         5 lines front porch         2 lines front porch
  2 lines vertical sync       2 lines vertical sync       2 lines vertical sync
 54 lines back porch         28 lines back porch         25 lines back porch
  6 lines top border          7 lines top border          8 lines top border
350 lines video             400 lines video             480 lines video
  6 lines bottom border       7 lines bottom border       8 lines bottom border
---                         ---                         ---
449 lines total per field   449 lines total per field   525 lines total
per field                                                           

Sync polarity: H positive,  Sync polarity: H negative,  Sync polarity: H negative,
               V negative                  V positive                  V negative
Scan type: non interlaced.  Scan type: non interlaced.  Scan type: non interlaced.

SuperVGA timing from NEC monitor manual

Horizontal :
                ______________                 _____________
               |              |               |
_______________|  VIDEO       |_______________|  VIDEO (next line)
___________   _____________________   ______________________
           |_|                     |_|
            B C <------D-----><-E->
            <----------A---------->
Vertical :
                ______________                 _____________
               |              |               |           
_______________|  VIDEO       |_______________|  VIDEO (next frame)
___________   _____________________   ______________________
           |_|                     |_|
            P Q <------R-----><-S->
            <----------O---------->

For VESA 800*600 @ 60Hz:

Fh (kHz) :37.88
A  (us)  :26.4
B  (us)  :3.2
C  (us)  :2.2
D  (us)  :20.0
E  (us)  :1.0
Fv (Hz)  :60.32
O  (ms)  :16.579
P  (ms)  :0.106
Q  (ms)  :0.607
R  (ms)  :15.84
S  (ms)  :0.026

Timing used in one VGA monitor tester product

The following timings are used in VTG-KIT VGA monitor tester kit sold my Data Sync Engineering. 

Mode       Horiz  Vertical  Horiz  Vert  Horiz  HSYNC  Vertical VSYNC
           Dots   Lines     KHz    Hz    Sync   Pol    Sync     Pol
VGA-480     640   480       31.5   60    3.8 us  -      64 us    -
VGA-400     640   400       31.5   70    3.8 us  -      64 us    +
SVGA I      800   600       35.2   56    2.0 us  -      57 us    -
SVGA II     800   600       37.8   60    3.2 us  +     106 us    +
SVGA III    800   600       48.0   72    2.4 us  +     125 us    +
XGA        1024   768       48.5   60    2.0 us  -     124 us    -

 
참조 : http://martin.hinner.info/vga/timing.html
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